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Football in Malaysia

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Football in Malaysia
The Malaysia national team playing at Bukit Jalil National Stadium during 2014 AFF Championship
Governing bodyFAM
First playedLate 1800s
National competitions
Club competitions
International competitions

Football is the most popular sport in Malaysia, where the first modern set of rules for the code were established in 1921, which were a major influence on the development of the modern Laws of the Game. The sport of football in the country of Malaysia is run by the Football Association of Malaysia.[1][2][3][4][5][6][7]

In 1997, Malaysia hosted the FIFA U-20 World Cup, also known as the FIFA World Youth Championship during that time. In 2007, Malaysia co-hosted the Asian Cup 2007 with three other countries.

The most popular Premier League clubs in Malaysia are Liverpool, Manchester United and Arsenal.[8]

History

[edit]
Main article: History of Malaysian football
Football match in British Malaya's capital of Kuala Lumpur, c. 1903.

Football arrived in Malaysia (Malaya at that time) with the British. The locals soon picked up the game, and before long, it was the country's leading sport. Towards the end of the 19th century, football was one of the central pillars of most sports clubs in Malaya. But it was not structured. Even when the Selangor Amateur Football League took shape in 1905 – which ensured proper administration and organisation – the competition was confined only to clubs in Kuala Lumpur.[9][10]

In January 1921, the British Royal Navy battleship HMS Malaya called at Port Swettenham (now Port Klang), Singapore, Malacca, Penang and Port Dickson.[11] During its stay, the crew competed in friendly matches in football, rugby, hockey, sailing, and golf against local clubs.[11]

Three months later, the Chief Secretary of the Federated Malay States government received a letter from Captain H. T. Buller of the H. M. S. Malaya, which offered two cups to be competed for in football and rugby as tokens of their gratitude for the reception they received in Malaya.[11] The cup for football was then known as the Malaya Cup. The offer was accepted, and various club representatives met to organise the tournament.[11] A Malaya Cup committee was set up, and it was decided to run the football competition in northern and southern sections. The first tournament was entrusted to be run by the Selangor Club.[11] The first ever Malaya Cup match was played on 20 August 1921, with Selangor defeating Penang 5–1 in front of an estimated crowd of 5,000 in Kuala Lumpur.[11] The inaugural tournament was played by six teams and won by Singapore.[12] During 1923, a newspaper described it as “by far the greatest sporting event of the year (in Malaya)”.[11]

Football began to spread rapidly throughout the region following the establishment of the Cup, although the composition of the teams at the time was mainly based on ethnic background.[13][14][15] In British Borneo, football has also become the most popular choice of sport in Malay schools.[16]

In 1933, Association football of Malaysia was founded as Football Association of Malaysia (FAM) which managed the local football scene at that time.[17] By 1954, FAM joins FIFA as a member of the AFC.

Malaysia FAM Cup was established in 1952 as a secondary knockout competition to the more prestigious Malaya Cup. The competition was held between state teams including Singapore, Police, Army, and Prisons Department of Malaysia in its early days.[18][19]

In 1959, the Malaya Cup departed from the traditional one-round tournament to a two-round home and away format in three zones: East, South and North.[20] A new trophy was inaugurated in 1967, and since then, the competition has been known as the Piala Malaysia.[21]

Starting in 1974, the state teams were barred from entering the FAM Cup competition, and only the club sides could enter.[19]

This football league competition involving the representative sides of the state football associations was first held in Malaysia in 1979.[22] When it began, it was intended primarily as a qualifying tournament for the final knock-out stages of the Piala Malaysia. A one-round league competition was introduced in Malaysia in 1979.[23] The top four teams at the end of the league will face off in two semi-finals before the winners make it to the finals. In 1981, the quarter-finals stage were introduced. When the league began, it was intended primarily as a qualifying tournament for the Piala Malaysia. However, it was not until 1982 that a League Cup was introduced to recognise the winners of the preliminary stage as the league champions, which then officially started the era of nationwide-level amateur football league in Malaysia.[24] Since then, the Piala Malaysia has been held after the conclusion of the league each year, with only the best-performing teams in the league qualifying for the Piala Malaysia.

Over the years, the league competition has gained important stature in its own right. From 1982 until 1988, the league was an amateur status and continued its purpose as a qualifying round for Piala Malaysia, and only in 1989 did it change to a new format as the Malaysian Semi-Pro Football League (Liga Semi-Pro) by FAM as a 'halfway house' towards full professional status.

Initially, the only teams allowed to participate in the league were the state FA's sides, teams representing the Armed Forces and the Police, and teams representing the neighbouring countries of Singapore and Brunei (though the Football Association of Singapore pulled out of the Malaysian League after the 1994 season following a dispute with the Football Association of Malaysia over gate receipts and has not been involved since).

The inaugural season of Liga Semi-Pro consisted of nine teams in Division 1 and eight teams in Division 2 with a total of 17 teams participating. The Malaysian Police joined Division 2 in 1990.[25] Games were played on a home and away basis for about four months, roughly between the end of April or early May and the end of August or early September. Under the new format, only the top six teams in Division 1 and the Division 2 champions and runners-up will be involved in the Piala Malaysia.[25] Piala Malaysia was played in the quarter-final stage, scheduled for November after the league was finished. The Piala Malaysia quarter-final and semi-final matches will be played on a home and away basis.[25]

In 1992, FAM created another amateur league for local clubs in Malaysia to compete in, which is called the Liga Nasional.[26] The league was managed by FAM outside entity, Super Club Sdn. Bhd. Some of the clubs that compete in the league are Hong Chin, Muar FA, PKNK from Kedah, DBKL, PKNS, BSN, LPN, BBMB, Proton, PPC and PKENJ. Unfortunately, the league only ran for one season before it folded. Some of the clubs then evolved and joined the main league, such as PKENJ, which became JCorp and is now JDT.

With the advent of the two-league Liga Semi-Pro in 1989, the FAM Cup became the third-tier competition. In 1993, the format of the competition was changed to include a two-group league, followed by the traditional knockout format. Promotion to the professional Malaysian League was introduced for the first time in 1997, with Johor FC and NS Chempaka FC the first two sides to be promoted that year.[19]

Liga Semi-Pro was the nation's top-tier league until it was succeeded by the formation of Malaysia's first professional football league, the Liga Perdana in 1994 by the Football Association of Malaysia.

In 1998, Liga Perdana was divided into two divisions consisting of Liga Perdana 1 and Liga Perdana 2.[27][28] During this time both of the division was still just referred as Malaysian League as a whole.

During 1998, Liga Perdana 1 consisted of 12 teams, while Liga Perdana 2 had 8 teams.[27] 10 teams that previously qualified for Piala Malaysia, which played in the 1997 Liga Premier, were automatically qualified for Liga Perdana 1. The other two spots were filled by a playoff round between the 5 lowest teams in the 1997 Liga Premier and the Malaysian Olympic football team. The lowest four teams from the playoff round were then put into Liga Perdana 2 alongside Police, Malaysia Military, Negeri Sembilan Chempaka F.C., and PKN Johor. At this time, the league still consisted of a semi-pro team, where each team was allowed to register 25 players, with 12 players being professionals in Liga Perdana 1 and a minimum of six professional players in Liga Perdana 2.[27]

Both leagues continued until 2003, when Football Association of Malaysia (FAM) decided to privatise the league for the 2004 season onwards, when the Liga Super was formed. Teams in Liga Perdana 1 and Liga Perdana 2 were then put through a qualification and playoff to be promoted into Liga Super. Teams that failed the qualification were put into a new second-tier league Liga Premier.

Further changes were made to the Malaysia FAM Cup in 2008 when the knockout stages were abolished and the double round-robin league format was introduced. The tournament is now known as the Malaysia FAM League.[29]

The most significant successes of the national team of Malaysia have come in the regional AFF Suzuki Cup (formerly known as the 'Tiger Cup'), which Malaysia won in 2010 for the first time in history. They beat Indonesia 42 on aggregate in the final to capture the country's first major international football title.

Malaysia had top players, such as the Mokhtar Dahari and Sabah's Hassan Sani and James Wong, which led Malaysia into their golden age from the 1970s until the 1980s. Before Mokhtar, The Malaysian King of Football, Datuk Abdul Ghani Minhat was the most famous and respected footballer in the whole of Malaya from the 1950s until the 1960s. Malaysia's 15–1 victory over the Philippines in 1962 is currently the record for the highest win for the national team. In the current generation, Mohd Safee Mohd Sali and Norshahrul Idlan Talaha are considered by Malaysians to be their best striker pair.

In the FIFA World Rankings, Malaysia's highest standing was in the first release of the figures, in August 1993, at 75th. Malaysia's main rivals on the international stage are their geographical neighbours, Indonesia and Singapore, and past matches between these two teams have produced much drama. Malaysia is one of the most successful teams in Southeast Asia along with Indonesia, Singapore, Thailand and Vietnam, winning the ASEAN Football Championship 2010 and other small competitions while improving at the same time.

League system

[edit]
Main article: Malaysian football league system

Cup competitions

[edit]

There are several cup competitions for clubs at different levels of the football pyramid. The two major cup competitions are the Malaysia FA Cup and the Malaysia Cup.

Domestic cup competitions

[edit]
  • The Malaysia Cup, first held in 1921, is the oldest national cup competition in Asia. Only qualified teams from the top 2 levels of the football pyramid can enter.
  • The Piala Presiden is the developmental football competition in Malaysia for under-21 players. Since its inception, in 1985, the Piala Presiden has been the major tournament for under-21 and under-23 players. In 2009, the format of the competition was changed with only under-20 players eligible to be fielded for the tournament. In 2015 the competition reverted to the original format with under-21 players and three over age players eligible to play.[30]
  • The Piala Belia is the developmental competition for under-18 players. Since its inception in 2008 to 2011, the competition was combined with Piala Presiden. In 2015 the format of the competition changed to the league format.[31]
  • The Malaysia Challenge Cup, first held in 2018, is for teams that failed to qualify for the Malaysia Cup from the top 2 levels of the football pyramid.
  • The Malaysia FA Cup, first held in 1990, is a national cup competition in the world. Teams from all levels of the football pyramid may enter.
  • The Piala Sumbangsih (also known as Piala Sultan Haji Ahmad Shah) is a single match Charity Cup played between the Malaysia Cup winners and the Super League champions at the start of a Super league and Premier League season.

International cup competitions

[edit]
  • Pestabola Merdeka – a football tournament held in Malaysia to honour the Independence Day. The competition is Asia's oldest football tournament which invited football playing nations to compete since 1957.[32][33][34]

Qualification for Asian competitions

[edit]

Clubs who do well in either the Super League, Piala FA or League Cup can qualify to compete in various AFC-organised Asian-wide competitions in the following season. The number of Malaysia teams playing in Asian in any one season can range from three to four. Currently, Malaysia is awarded the following places in Asian competitions:

Competition Allocated slot Qualifier Notes
AFC Champions League Elite 1 Malaysia Super League champions
AFC Champions League Two 2 Malaysia FA Cup Winner

Malaysia Super League runners-up

If Malaysia FA Cup were cancelled, either the Malaysian Cup winner or the third highest eligible Team in the Super League will enter
ASEAN Club Championship 2 Malaysia Super League third place

Malaysia Super League fourth place

National teams

[edit]
Main article: Malaysia national football team

The Malaysia national football team represents Malaysia in international football. Malaysia is one of the national teams to have won the AFF Suzuki Cup as its currently highest international result.

Women's football

[edit]
Main articles: Malaysia women's national football team and Piala Tun Sharifah Rodziah

Women's football competitions are also managed by FAM. Malaysia women's football national team represents Malaysia in international women's football.

In local football scene, a woman football competition has been held in Malaysia since 1960.[35] The inaugural season was competed by four teams from Perak, Selangor, Negeri Sembilan and Malacca. A competition trophy has only been introduced in 1961 which has been contributed by Straits Times.

Women Football Association of Malaysia (PBWM) was officially registered in December 1974 where the first president was the Tun Sharifah Rodziah. A proper tournament was officially held in 1976 when PBWM introduced the woman football tournament called the Piala Tun Sharifah Rodziah. A new trophy was contributed by the Tunku Abdul Rahman for the inaugural tournament season. The cup format was following the Piala Malaysia format at that year where a home and away match was introduced for the tournament. A total eight teams compete including Johor, Melaka, Negeri Sembilan, Selangor, Pahang, Perak, Penang and Singapore.

The cup was held for consistent basis until 2004 when it was not held for 11 years and making a comeback in 2015 for the 28 edition.[36] A total of ten teams participated in the revival season of the tournament. The 2015 season was won by MIFA.[37] In 2016, MISC-MIFA defended their championship by winning the cup again for the second times.[38][39][40]

Stadiums

[edit]
Hang Jebat Football Stadium in Melaka.
Main article: List of football stadiums in Malaysia

Some of the major stadium used for various team in Malaysia League listed as follow:

Seasons

[edit]

The following articles detail the major results and events in each season since 1921, when the first organised competition, the Malaya Cup, was created. Seasons in italics are wartime seasons, when official national competition was suspended, although regional football continued.

1920s: 1921 1922 1923 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930
1930s: 1931 1932 1933 1934 1935 1936 1937 1938 1939 1940
1940s: 1941 1942 1943 1944 1945 1946 1947 1948 1949 1950
1950s: 1951 1952 1953 1954 1955 1956 1957 1958 1959 1960
1960s: 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970
1970s: 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980
1980s: 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990
1990s: 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000
2000s: 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
2010s: 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ John Duerden (7 July 2012). "Malaysia: A new hope". ESPN.com. Retrieved 11 July 2012.
  2. ^ "Malaysia hopes to relive football glory days by training 10,000 teenagers". Bernama. The Edge. 21 October 2013. Archived from the original on 2 December 2013. Retrieved 2 December 2013.
  3. ^ Ooi Kin Fai (4 October 2013). "The biggest change in Malaysian football". Goal.com. Retrieved 2 December 2013.
  4. ^ Simon Ingka Crown; Jeremy Veno (30 July 2010). "Football development: A tough job". The Borneo Post. Retrieved 2 December 2013.
  5. ^ Jeeva Arulampalam (21 October 2009). "Malaysian soccer clubs need right structures to attract funding". Business Times. Archived from the original on 3 December 2013. Retrieved 2 December 2013.
  6. ^ Shebby Singh (15 November 2013). "A much-needed intervention for the good of Malaysian football". The Malaysian Insider. Archived from the original on 3 December 2013. Retrieved 15 November 2013.
  7. ^ T. Avineshwaran (21 September 2013). "Future of our football". The Star. Retrieved 2 December 2013.
  8. ^ https://www.justarsenal.com/arsenals-growing-popularity-in-malaysia/362884
  9. ^ "History". Football Association of Malaysia. Retrieved 28 February 2018.
  10. ^ "History of Singapore Football". Football Association of Singapore. Archived from the original on 3 August 2014. Retrieved 28 February 2018.
  11. ^ a b c d e f g Alvin Chua (2015). "Malaysia Cup (football)". National Library Board. Retrieved 28 February 2018.
  12. ^ "Malaysia 1921". Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation. 29 February 2012. Retrieved 28 February 2018.
  13. ^ Ben Weinberg (22 May 2015). Asia and the Future of Football: The Role of the Asian Football Confederation. Taylor & Francis. pp. 57–. ISBN 978-1-317-57631-0.
  14. ^ Lim Peng Han; Mohd Salleh Aman (2018). "The HMS Malaya Cup Football League, 1921–1941: Towards the Institutionalization of Football in British Malaya". The International Journal of the History of Sport. 34 (17): 1981–2007. doi:10.1080/09523367.2018.1495194. S2CID 150098973 – via Taylor & Francis.
  15. ^ "Malaya Football Association". The Straits Times. National Library Board. 30 December 1909. p. 8. Retrieved 21 July 2019.
  16. ^ British Borneo year book. Kho Chong Soo. 1952.
  17. ^ "Association Information [Football Association of Malaysia]". FIFA. Archived from the original on 17 June 2015. Retrieved 28 February 2018.
  18. ^ Karel Stokkermans (11 January 2018). "Malaysia 1952". Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation. Retrieved 28 February 2018.
  19. ^ a b c Atsushi Fujioka; Erik Garin; Mikael Jönsson; Hans Schöggl (11 January 2018). "FA Cup". Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation. Retrieved 28 February 2018.
  20. ^ Karel Stokkermans (18 January 2018). "Malaysia 1959". Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation. Retrieved 28 February 2018.
  21. ^ "Malaysia 1967". Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation. 29 February 2012. Retrieved 28 February 2018.
  22. ^ Peter Wilson; Benson Sim (28 July 2006). "The demand for Semi-Pro League football in Malaysia 1989–91: a panel data approach". Applied Economics. 27: 131–138. doi:10.1080/00036849500000015.
  23. ^ "Malaysia 1979". Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation. 29 February 2012. Retrieved 28 February 2018.
  24. ^ "Malaysia 1982". Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation. 29 February 2012. Retrieved 28 February 2018.
  25. ^ a b c Ian King (28 September 2003). "Malaysia 1989". Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation. Retrieved 28 February 2018.
  26. ^ "Amanat Tengku Abdullah" (in Malay). Liga Bolasepak Rakyat. 27 May 2016. Archived from the original on 4 June 2016. Retrieved 28 February 2018.
  27. ^ a b c "Pemain Malaysia bebas ke Brunei". Bernama (in Malay). Utusan Malaysia. 11 January 1998. Archived from the original on 2 March 2018. Retrieved 28 February 2018.
  28. ^ Zainu'l Azhar Ash'ari (13 June 1998). "Demam Piala Dunia rasuk Liga Perdana". Utusan Malaysia (in Malay). Archived from the original on 2 March 2018. Retrieved 28 February 2018.
  29. ^ Hamdan Saaid (18 July 2003). "Malaysia 2007/08". Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation. Retrieved 28 February 2018.
  30. ^ "Kedudukan Pasukan Piala Presiden" (in Malay). Football Association of Malaysia Management Database. 2017. Archived from the original on 2 February 2016. Retrieved 4 December 2017.
  31. ^ "Kedudukan Pasukan Piala Belia" (in Malay). Football Association of Malaysia Management Database. 2015. Retrieved 4 December 2017.
  32. ^ Ajitpal Singh (7 September 2013). "Glory beckons Malaysia". New Straits Times. Archived from the original on 8 September 2013. Retrieved 28 February 2018.
  33. ^ Ted Gim (2 September 2008). ""Hari Merdeka" Observed in Seoul". The Seoul Times. malaysia.or.kr. Archived from the original on 20 December 2014. Retrieved 28 February 2018.
  34. ^ Asiaweek. Asiaweek Limited. 1990.
  35. ^ "Sejarah kejohanan bola sepak wanita Piala Tun Sharifah Rodziah" (in Malay). Football Association of Malaysia. Retrieved 28 February 2018.
  36. ^ "Sabah tekad pertahan kejuaraan Piala Tun Sharifah Rodziah" (in Malay). Football Association of Malaysia. Retrieved 28 February 2018.
  37. ^ "MIFA rampas Piala Tun Sharifah Rodziah". Utusan Malaysia (in Malay). 9 August 2015. Retrieved 28 February 2018.
  38. ^ Fixo (2016). "Kejohanan Bola Sepak Wanita Piala Tun Sharifah Rodziah" (in Malay). Arena Futsal Malaysia. Retrieved 28 February 2018.
  39. ^ "MISC pertahan Piala Tun Sharifah Rodziah" (in Malay). Football Association of Malaysia. Retrieved 28 February 2018.
  40. ^ K. Rajan (16 April 2016). "MISC-MIFA retain Piala Tun Sharifah Rodziah". The Star. Retrieved 28 February 2018.
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